Ashura ke din ki fazilat aur uss ki ehmiyat

Ashoora ka matlab hai daswa (10th). Iss say muraad Muharram ka daswa din hai. Zamana jaahiliyat (Islam say pehle ka zamana / daur) hee say yahood, nasara (Isai) aur Arab kay qabeelon may iss din ka ye naam mashoor aur maroof tha. Isi din Allah Ta'ala nay Hazrat Musa (Alayhi Salam) ko Firaun say nijaat dee thee,  Islam kay shuruwati daur may isi din rozah rakhne ka hukm Nabi kareem (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) aur baaki musalmano ko huwa tha. Phir jab Ramazan kay rozey farz ho gaye to Ashoora kay din kay rozey ki farziat khatam kar dee gayi aur iss tarah Ashoora kay din ka rozah nafali rozah ho gaya. Lekin Ahadees may iss din kay rozey ki bahot fazilat aayi hai aur isliye iss din rozah rakhna mustahab (encouraged) hai.

Ashoora kay rozey ki fazilat

Nabi Kareem (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) nay farmaya:

Mujhe Allah Ta'ala say ummeed hai kay 'Arafah (9th Zul Hijjah) kay din ka roza gazshata (guzre hue) aur aane waley saal kay gunaho ka kaffara bann jayega, aur Mujhe Allah Ta'ala say ummeed hai ki Ashoora (10th Moharram) kay din ka roza gazshata (guzre hue) ek saal kay gunaho ka kaffara bann jayega.

(Sahih Muslim: 1162)

Abu Qatadah (Radhi Allahu Anhu) say rivayat hai:

Rasool Allah (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) nay farmaya: Mujhe ummeed hai ki Allah Ta'ala ashoora kay rozey say pichle ek saal kay gunah maaf kar dega.

(Jami at-Tirmidhi: 752, Hukm: Sahih)

Yeh Allah Ta'ala ka hum par fazal aur ahsaan hai ki uss nay hume ek din ka roza rakhnay par poore saal kay (sagheera) gunah maaf hone ka badla diya aur Allah Ta'ala bahot zyadah fazal wala hai.

Nabi Kareem (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) Ashoora kay din ki shaan ki wajah say uska rozah rakhnay kay liye khaas taur par ehtemam kiya karte thay

Abdullah Ibn Abbas (Radhi Allahu Anhu) kehte hain:

Main nay Nabi Kareem (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) ko dino (days) may say 'ashoora aur mahino (months) may say maahe ramazan say zyadah kisi din ya mahine kay rozey rakhne ka ehtemam karte nahi dekha.

(Sahih Bukhari: 1867)

Ashura kay rozey say sirf sagheera (chotey) gunah mittey hain jab ki kabeera (badey) gunahon kay liye khaas taur par taubah ki zaroorat hogi.

Imam Nawawi (Rahimahullah) kehte hain:

Arafah kay din ka roza tamam sagheera (chotey) gunahon ko mita deta hai, to hadees ka matlab ye hoga ki kabeera gunahon kay alawa tamam gunah mit jatey hain. (Al-Majmoo Shrah al-Muhadhdhab, Jild 06)

Ashura ka roza kis wajah say rakha jata hai aur iss ki shuruwat kab huwi

Allah Ta'ala nay pichli shariaton may bhee iss din ko khaas aur tazeem (izzat / adab) qarar diya tha. Jis ka saboot bahot see ahadees say milta hai. Jis may kuch ye hain

Abu Musa Ash'ari (Radhi Allahu Anhu) say rivayat hai:

Khayber kay yahoodi Ashoora ka roza rakh kar isey Eid banate aur apni aurton ko zeywar pehnate aur unn ka banao singhaar karte to Aap (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) nay farmaya: Tum (Sahaba) iss din ka roza rakho.

(Sahih Muslim: 1131)

Abdullah Ibn Abbas (Radhi Allahu Anhu) kehte hain:

Jab Nabi Kareem (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) Madinah tashreef laaye to waha kay log ashura kay din rozah rakhte thay. Unn logo (yahudiyon) nay bataya ki ye badi 'azmat wala din hai, isi din Allah Ta'ala nay Musa (alayhi salam) ko nijat dee thee aur firaun aur uss kay logon ko gharq kiya tha. Uss kay shukar may Musa (alayhi salam) nay iss din ka rozah rakha tha. Nabi kareem (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) nay farmaya: Main Musa (alayhi salam) ka unn say zyadah qareeb hoon. chunanche aap nay khud bhee iss din ka rozah rakha aur sahaba ko bhee iss ka hukm diya.

(Sahih Bukhari: 3397)

Ummul Momineen (Eman walon ki maa) Aisha (Radhi Allahu Anha) say rivayat hai:

Zamana Jaahiliyat may Quraish bhee Ashoora kay din ka roza rakhte thay aur Rasool Allah (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) bhee iss din rozah rakhte thay. Phir jab aap (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) Madinah tashreef laaye to yahan bhee aap nay iss din ka rozah rakha aur musalmano ko bhee iss ka hukm diya. Lekin jab ramazan kay rozey farz ho gaye to aap nay iss din ka rozah chor diya phir jis ka jee chaha uss nay iss ka rozah rakha aur jis ka jee chaha uss nay chor diya.

(Sahih Bukhari: 2002)

Abdullah bin Umar (Radhi Allahu Anhu) say rivayat hai:

Zamana jaahiliyat kay log ashoora ka rozah rakhte thay aur musalmano nay bhee iss din ka rozah rakha. Phir jab ramazan kay kay rozey farz (obligatory) ho gaye to Rasool Allah (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) nay farmaya: Ashoora Allah Ta'ala kay dino (days) may say ek din hai to jo chahey iss ka rozah rakhey aur jo chahe na rakhey.

(Sahih Muslim: 1126)

Inn tamam ahadees say ye pata chalta hai ki pichli tamam shariaton may ashoora kay din ki ehmiyat aur tazeem maujood thee. Jis ki wajah yahi hai ki Allah Ta'ala nay tamam Nabiyon ko sirf qamri mahino (Lunar calendar) kay mutabiq hee ibadaat ka hukm diya tha.

Do din (9th aur 10th Muharram) rozah rakhne ka huqm jis say Yahood ki mushabahat (nakal / copy) say bacha jaa sakey

Abdullah Ibn Abbas (Radhi Allahu Anhu) say rivayat hai:

Jis waqt Rasool (sallallahu alayhi wasallam)  nay 'Ashoora kay din ka roza rakha aur uss kay rozey ka huqm farmaya, to logon nay Arz kiya: Aye Allah kay Rasool (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) ! ye din to aisa hai ki iski taazeem karte hain Yahood aur Nasara (Isai)? To Aap (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) nay farmaya: Jab agla saal aayega to Inshaa Allah hum 9 ka Roza (bhi) rakhenge, aakhir agla saal na aane paya ki Aap (sallallahu alayhi wasallam)  ki wafaat ho gayi.

(Sahih Muslim: 2666)

Abdullah Ibn Abbas (Radhi Allahu Anhu) ka fatwa hai:

Yahood aur nasara ki mukhalifat karo , nawi (9th) aur daswi (10th) Muharram ka rozah rakho.

(Musannaf Abdul Razzaq: 7839)

Hafiz Ibn Hajar (Rahimahullah) kehtey hain:

Nabi kareem (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) nay 9th Moharram kay rozey ka iradah aur qasad kiya to iss ka matlab ye nahi ki sirf naw (9th) Moharram ka roza rakha jayega balki naw aur das dono dino ka roza rakhna maqsood tha jis say yahood aur nasara ki mukhalifat ho sakey. (Fathul Bari: 4/245)